Combination-lock.



N. S. G. BESHAROV.

COMBINATION LOCK.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 4. 1914.

Patented June 29, 1915.

2 $HEETSSHEET l.

fill/M 5. 6-. BES/M/POV.

4 TTORNEVS THE NORRIS PETERS CO" PHOTD-LITHIL, WASNINGTDN, D C.

N. S. G. BESHAROV.

COMBINATION LOCK.

APPLICATION man "n.4, 1914.

1,144,887. Patented June 29, 1915.

2 $HEETSSHEET 2.

IN VE/V TOR J 6. Bis/mm A TTOR/VE Y8 WITNESSES UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE.

NAUM SHAMAS GORGIS IBESHAROV, F PATERSON, NEW JERSEY.

COMBINATION-LOCK.

Application filed April 4, 1914..

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, NAUM S. G. Bnsnanov, asubject of the Czar of Russia, and a resident of Paterson, in the countyof Passaic and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and ImprovedCombination-Lock, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription.

This invention relates to combination locks of that type shown in UnitedStates Letters Patent 1,0l6,253, granted to me December 3, 1912, whichlock is characterized by the use of a plurality of tumblers eachembodying a number of gate-controlled recesses whereby it is possible tothrow the bolt to locking position when recesses of all tumblers are inalinement, to permit a key or abutment to pass through the aliningrecesses and open the gates thereof during the act of throwing the boltto locking position, and whereby the bolt can be retracted only when thesaid recesses having their gates open are in alinement so as to permitthe key or abutment to pass backwardly through the said aliningrecesses, it being understood that after the bolt has been thrown tolooking position the tumblers are turned so as to throw the openrecesses out of alinenient for the purpose of preventing any one whodoes not know the unlocking combination to unlock or retract the bolt.

The general objects of the present invention are to improve in severalrespects the patented lock above referred to so as to be comparativelysimple and inexpensive to n'ianufacture, thoroughly reliable andefticient in use, and so designed that tho hori zontal dimension of thelock can be materially reduced so as to be better accommodated to doorsof present construction.

A further object of the invention is to improve thc construction of thetumblers so that they can be more easily manufactured, the parts easilyassembled, and which are reliable in operation.

Another object is to provide an improved arrangement of bolt-throwingmeans whereby the bolt has a shorter range of movement than thekey-carrying bar that coiiperates with the tumblers of the lock topermit the bolt to be thrown to and from locking po sition.

Another object is the employment of means in connection with the knobspindle of the bolt-operating mechanism whereby Specification of LettersPatent.

Patented J une 29, 1915.

Serial N 0. 829,494.

it is impossible to permit the locking bolt operating mechanism to beoperated from outside the door when a person at the inside of the doordesires thus to control the lock.

\Vith these objects in view, and others which will appear as thedescription proceeds, the invention comprises various novel features ofconstruction and arrangement of parts such as will be set forth withparticularity in the following description and claims appended hereto.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate one embodiment of theinvention, and wherein similar characters of reference indicatecorresponding parts in all the views, Figure 1 is a perspective view ofthe inner face of the door with the lock shown applied thereto; Fig. 2is a perspective view of the outside of the door with the lock shownapplied; Fig. 3 is an internal view of the lock with the face plateremoved; Fig. 4 is a sectional view on the line 4l, Fig. 3, to show theboltoperating spindle and adjacent parts; Fig. 5 is a sectional view onthe line 5-5, Fig. 3, through the tumbler mechanism; Fig. 6 is asectional view through a door, to show the means for fastening theescutcheon or outside plate to the door; Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectionalview of a knob spindle locking means; Fig. 8 is a fragmentary view ofthat section of a tumbler which carries the gates: Fig. 9 is a sectionalview on the line 99, Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a perspective view of one of thegate guides; Fig. 11 is a perspective view of one of the gates; Fig. 12is a sectional view of the two sections of a tumbler shown separated;Fig. 13 is a fragmentary view of the removable section of one of thetumblers; and Fig. 14 is a view of the gate-operating key of the tumblermechanism.

Referring to the drawings, A designates the casing of the lock. which isshown set in a mortise or recess 1 in the inner surface 2 of a door, andon the opposite face 3 of the door is an outer plate or escutcheon 4;,which is necessary in connection with the tumbler mechanism of the lock.The main knobs 5 and 6 of the lock serve to manipulate the latch bolt 7,and the secondary knobs or grips 8 and 9 are used in connection with thetumbler mechanism for throwing and retracting the combination controlled lock bolt 10. At the bottom, or any other suitable place of thelock, is an improved kcyeontrolled locking bolt 11 which is operated byan ordinary key insertible in the keyholes 12 and 13 in the lock casingA and plate t. The tumblers B of the lock are operable from either sideof the door and for this purpose the casing A has an opening 14 in thehood 15 that covers the part of the tumblers that projects out of thefront plate 16 of the lock casing A, and the escutcheon plate i has anopening 17 to expose the tum ilers B. The tumblers are of courseindependently rotatable and each can be engaged by the finger throughthe openings ll or 17 and turned in any desired direction so as toobtain the desired combination of positions, which combination is fa.-eilitated by numbers or letters arranged in the peripheries of thetumblers, and when the desired combination is obtained, the knob 8 or 9can be turned for throwing the locking bolt 10 to locking position, andthereafter the tumblers are shifted to a different position, whereby thelocking bolt cannot be. retracted by turning either knob S or f), theretraction of the bolt being possible only when the tumblers are re-setto the same combination which was employed when the bolt was thrown tolocking position.

Referring to Fig. 3, the internal construction of the lock will bedescribed. The mechanism for the latch bolt 7 is of usual construction.as is also the key-controlled lock bolt. so that it will be unnecessaryto describe these parts. Mounted within the ing A and extendinghorizontall thereof at a position below the latch bolt i' is the lockingbolt 10. which is projectable through an opening 1 in the edge face orwall 19 of the lock casing. and this bolt 10 has lugs 20 or equivalentmeans for limiting the throw of the bolt outwardly to locking position.The bolt has an extension 10 on which are rack teeth 20 meshing with apinion 21 so as to be operated thereby, the meshing of the teeth of thesaid parts being ellected by a fixed abutment 22 engaging the side ofthe extension 10* opposite from the lugs 20. This pinion '21 has asquared spindle 23 passing therethrough, and on the outer ends of thisspindle are the knobs or grips 8 and 9. as clearly shown in Fig. 4. Theturning of the knobs is controlled by a tumbler mechanism which includesthe tumblers B and a gear-carrying rack bar 24 mounted to slidevertically in the casing A, such rack bar having two sets of rack teeth25, as clearly shown in. Fig. -l-, to mesh with gears 26 fastened to orintegrally connected with the pinion Q1. The movement of the rack bar24: is dependent upon the relative positions of the tumblers B of whichthere may be any desired number. A key-carrying bar 27 is fastened tothe rack bar 24 and passes through the tumblers B, and on this bar is akey or abutment 28 which prevents longitudinal movement of the bars 2%and 27 unless the tumblers are in a predetermined position, as will bepresently described. Fixed lugs or equivalent means 29 arranged withinthe body of the casing A cooperate with the wall 30 of the casing toguide the movement of the rack bar 24, and on the rack bar is a spring31 which is adapted to engage, when in one extreme position, a lug orprojection 32. and when in another extreme position :1 lug or projection33. 11": it be assumed that the tumblers are properly adjusted to enablethe locking bolt 10 to be thrown, it will be understood that when theknobs 8 are turned in a direction to move the pinion "21 and gears 26clockwise, Fig. 3, the bolt 10 will be moved to the right and the rackbar 24 moved upwardly. After the bolt has been thrown to its extremelocking position, the tumblers B will be shifted so that it would beimpossible to retract the bolt.

The tumblers B are shown as wheelshaped elements mounted on a commonaxle 34 supported by lugs 35 formed on the innor face 36 of the lockcasing. As shown in Fig. 5, each tumbler has an opening 37 which isalmost a complete circle, and ex tending through this opening is thekey-carrying bar 27. This bar by engaging the ends of the circularrecess or opening 37, prevents the tumblers from having a completerevolution, but they are free to move back and forth throughout therange permitted by the length of the opening 37. As shown in Fig. 12.each tumbler is made in two sections a and b, which are disk-shaped andare adapted to be fastened together by screws The disk a has a radialextension 39 by means of which the rim 40 of the tunibler is integrallyconnected with the disk a, the periphery of the disk being separatedfrom the rim 40 by the annular opening 37. ()n the disk (I. is a hub 41which enters the opening 42 in the disk 7), and through this hub 41extends the supporting shaft or axle 34-. The body of the tumbler formedby the disks a and Z) has in its periphery spaced radial recesses 43,and for each recess is a sliding gate 44. lVhenever the tumblers are insuch position that the recesses of all are in alinement, and also in thepath of the key 28. the locking bolt can be thrown to looking position,as the key or abutment 98 is able to automatically open the gates ofthose recesses that are in the path of the said key. and these gates areadapted to be automatically held in open position by springpressed catchpins 45, arranged as shown in Fig. 8, there being one catch pin for eachrecess The inner or opposed faces of the sections a and 7. of thetumblers are provided with radial grooves l6 separated by triangularlugs 47, and the two sections are so assembled that the grooves 46 ofone will register with the grooves of the other section and formguideways for the radially slidable gates l 2. Each gate is backed by aradial spring i as shown in Fig. 8, one end of the spring bearing on thehub ll and the other end bearing on the inner surface or shoulder i9 ofthe gate. Each gate is formed with a plate-like base 50 which projectsbeyond the sides of the body of the gate to form flanges 51. and overthese flanges extend triangular plates 52 which are positioned on thelugs -17 of the section a of the tumbler. These triangular plates 52have triangular openings 53 and the lugs 47 have triangular projectionswhich enter the openings and thereby hold the triangular plates inposition, as clearly shown in Fig. 8. hen the two sections of thetumblers are fastened together. the triangular plates are retained ontheir holding lugs 47, and the opposite edges of each triangu lar plateoverlap the adjacent flanges ot juxtaposed gates 4 l. The lugs 47 of thetwo sections of a tumbler have recesses 55 that constitute chambers forreceiving the catch pins 45, and the si'irings 5G urge the latter tolocl'ting position when the gates are moved open, each locking pinhaving a shoulder 57 which limits its outward movement by eugaging theend walls 58 of the recesses 55. Each triangular plate 52 has recesses59 to accommodate the spring 56 that is set therein. It will be observedthat each locking pin has a curved beveled surface 60 so as to permitthe open gate to spring to closed position as the catch pin is partiallypressed in or retracted.

Br reference to Fig. 3 it will be noted that the key or abutment 98 hason its leading extremity an inclined surface 61 which, by contactingwith a gate il, will move the gate inwardly until it reaches the surface62, which surface 62 holds the gate in as far as it will go, and as thekey continues its movement the inclined lateral surface 63 of the keywill permit the catch pin 41.5 to move outwardly over the open gate andhold the same open while the key passes to the alining gate of the nexttumbler and opens the same. The catch pins of the several gates as theyare opened by the upward movement of the key will hold the gates openunt l the hey is moved downwardly, whereby the inclined surface 63 willpush the catch pins laterally out of the recesses 43 and thereby releasethe gates and allow them to move to closed position as the key passesout of engagement with the gates. On the key-carrying bar 27 are stopsor fingers 64 and 65 positioned tl at they will encounter closed gateswhen the key-carrying bar is raised to its full extent. as when the bolt10 is in locking position, and after the tum blers have been turned tothrow the open gates out of alinement with each other and with the ke icarryin g bar 27. Thus, any attempt to retract the locking bolt 10 fromits locking position. will be prevented, because the pins or fingers 6iand (35. as well as the key 28, will engage closed gates and there byprevent operation of the locking means in a manner to unlock the bolt.

Too tree movement of the tumblers is prevented hy spring-pres ed dogs orbrake shoes 66 mounted under the plate or escutcheon 'l, clearly shownin Figs. 2 and These devices 66 have knobs 67 extending outwardlythrough slots 68, so that they can be released from their respecti e tum'ilers if desired. By means of these devices 66 the tumblers do notrotate too freely. and it requires a positive pressure applied to theindividual tumblers to move them, and consequently, one tumliiler willnot move accidentally by the contact of the fingers therewith while thefingers are attempting to move a definite tumbler.

The escutcheon or plate is preferably fastened in such a manner that itcannot be removed trom outside the door. shown in Fig. (i, the underside of the escuteheon or outer plate 4 has bosses 9 into which screws70 passing through the door are engaged so as to Fasten the plate l inposition.

It is desirable to provide means for preventing the boltoperatingmechanism from being operated by any one but an authorized person, andfor this purpose the knob spindle has on its inner end, but under theinner knob 8, a ratchet wheel 71 with which is adapted to engage a pawl72. hen the pawl is in the engaged or full-line position (Fig. i) thebolt-throwing mechanism cair not be operated in a direction to throw thebolt 10 to locking position, but when the pawl 72 is raised from theratchet wheel and held in raised position, by any suitable means, suchas a spring 73 interlocking with the tooth Tloi the pawl. the knobspindle 23 can be turned in both directions. A cover plate 75, Fig. 4-,is placed over the spindle locking means 71 and "3, and connected withthe pawl is a spindle 76 having an opcrating knob or equivalent means77. On the outer plate 4% may be arranged a cover 78 which is adapted toconceal the opening 17 that exposes the tumblers B. When the tumblersare to be operated from the outside the cover 78 is raised so as torender the said tumblers accessible.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, the advantages of the construction and method of operationwill be readily understood by those skilled in the art to which theinvention appcrtains, and while I have shown the device which I nowconsider to be the best embodiment thereof. I desire to have itunderstood that the device shown is merely illustrative and that suchchanges may be made when desired as are within the scope of the appendedclaims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent:

1. In a lock, the combination of a reciprocable locking bolt, a spindleoperatively connected with the bolt for moving the same in bothdirections, an element rcciprocable simultaneously with and transverselyto the bolt, means for operatively connecting the spindle with theelement, and a tumbler mechanism rotatable on an axis parallel with theline of movement of the element and through which the latter extends,whereby the tumbler mechanism controls the movement of the element.

2. In a lock, the combination of a horizontally movable bolt, a tumblermechanism, a vertically movable element controlled by the saidmechanism, an actuating element, a gearing between the actuating elementand bolt, and a gearing between said actuating element andtumbler-controlled element.

3. In a lock, the combination of a locking bolt, an eleinentmovabletransversely thereto and having a different range of movement, :1gearing connecting the bolt and element together for simultaneousmovement, a tumbler mechanism controlling the movement of said element,and an actuating means operating through the gearing to move the boltand element.

1. In a lock, the combination of a locking bolt, a pinion meshingtherewith, means for turning the pinion, a gear connected rigidly to andturning with the pinion, an element meshing with the gear to be actuatedthereby, and a tumbler mechanism controlling the movement of the saidelement.

In a lock, the combination of a locking bolt, an actuating meanstherefor, an element connected with the said means for movementsimultaneously with the bolt, a tumbler mechanism controlling themovement of the said element, and locking means independent of thetumbler mechanism for preventing movement of the said actuating means.

6. In a lock, the combination of a locking bolt, an actuating meanstherefor, an element connected with the said means for movementsimultaneously with the bolt, a

tumbler mechanism controlling the movement of the said element, aratchet wheel connected with the said actuating means, and a pawl.arranged to engage the ratchet wheel to prevent movement of the saidactuating means in a direction to throw the bolt.

7. In a lock, the combination of a locking Copies of this patent may beobtained for belt, a tumbler mechanism including a plurality ot'separately actuated tumblers, and a manually releasable retarding devicenormally yieldingly engaging each tumbler.

S. In a lock, a tumbler composed of separable sections, the sectionshaving on their opposed faces lugs which register and form radialguides, the lugs on one section being shouldered entirely around thesame, plates fitted to the shoulder lugs, gates slidable in the guidesand engaging under the plates, whereby the gates are assembled on onesection, spring-pressed catches mounted on the lugs that receive theplates and serving to automatically hold any gate in open position, akey movable back and forth and adapted to pass any gate to open the samewhen the key moves in one direction, and adapted to release the catchfrom the open gate when the key moves in the opposite direction, and abolt controlled by the tumbler.

9. In a lock, a tumbler composed of separable sections, each sectionhaving on its opposed face triangular lugs arranged to register when thesections are fastened together to form radial guideways, said sectionsbe ing provided with recesses on their peripheries adapted to betraversed by a key, gates slidably mounted in the said guideways,triangular plates rcmovably mounted on the lugs of one section andextending beyond the sides of the said lugs, said gates having flangesengaging under the extending side portions of the said plates,spring-pressed catches mounted between the lugs of both sections toautomatically hoid any gate in open position. a key mounted to move backand forth and adapted to MISS through any desired recess of the tum lerto open the gate thereof by one movement and to release the catch fromthe said open gates by movement in the opposite direction, and a boltcontrolled by the movement of the said key.

10. In a lock, the combination of a reciprocable locking bolt, aspindle, a gear and rack operatively connecting the spindle and bolt formoving the latter in both directions, an element reciprocablesimultaneously with and transversely to the bolt, a gear and rackoperatively connecting the said element and spindle, and a tumblermechanism for controlling the movement of the element and therethroughthe movement of the bolt.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

NAUM SHAMAS GORGIS BESIIAROV.

\Vitnesses LEON TERNAMIAN, I Kon'rz OTGHY.

five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

